Radiation Safety Practice Exam

What happens to the energy of ionizing radiation as it interacts with matter?

1. Energy increases

2. Energy remains constant

3. Energy decreases

4. Energy fluctuates

The correct answer is: Energy decreases

When ionizing radiation interacts with matter, it transfers energy to the atoms and molecules it encounters. This transfer occurs through various mechanisms such as ionization, excitation, and other interactions at the molecular level. As the radiation passes through the material, it loses energy and can cause ionization of atoms, which is the process of stripping electrons away, and this is what leads to biological effects and potential damage. The energy loss continues until the radiation has sufficiently interacted with enough material or until it is completely absorbed. This means that the radiation cannot maintain its original energy; it inherently decreases as it interacts with matter. This phenomenon is central to understanding radiation safety as it informs how materials can shield against radiation and the safety measures required when working in environments with potential radiation exposure.