Radiation Safety Practice Exam

What symptoms are associated with an acute radiation dose of 100 to 200 REM?

1. Hair loss and intense nausea

2. First signs of cellular damage

3. Destruction of a larger number of white blood cells

4. Results in total immune failure

The correct answer is: Destruction of a larger number of white blood cells

The choice indicating the destruction of a larger number of white blood cells is insightful, especially in the context of acute radiation syndrome. When an individual is exposed to radiation doses in the range of 100 to 200 REM, one significant biological effect is the impact on the bone marrow, where blood cells, including white blood cells, are produced. This exposure can lead to a decrease in the production of these cells, which is critical for the immune response. White blood cells are essential for fighting infections, and their reduction could compromise the immune system, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections and other health issues. At this dose level, rather than immediate physical symptoms like nausea or hair loss, the damage to the bone marrow and consequent decrease in white blood cell counts is a primary concern. The other choices reflect more severe reactions that occur at higher doses or represent symptoms that are not as immediately tied to the exposure range in question. Understanding the effects at this specific dose level helps delineate the cascading effects of radiation exposure on the body, particularly concerning the immune system's integrity.