Radiation Safety Practice Exam

What type of radiation loses energy with each ionization and cannot penetrate a sheet of paper?

1. Beta particle

2. X-ray

3. Gamma ray

4. Alpha particle

The correct answer is: Alpha particle

The type of radiation that loses energy with each ionization and cannot penetrate a sheet of paper is alpha particles. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, which are relatively large and carry a double positive charge. Because of their size and charge, alpha particles interact strongly with matter. As they pass through material, they can ionize atoms along their path, losing energy in the process. This strong interaction leads to rapid energy loss, making them unable to penetrate even a few centimeters of air, let alone a sheet of paper. This characteristic of alpha particles is critical in radiation safety and protection practices, as it underscores their limited range and the fact that they can be effectively shielded by materials as minimal as paper or even skin. Understanding the properties of alpha particles helps in implementing proper safety measures when dealing with radioactive materials that emit this type of radiation.