Radiation Safety Practice Exam

Which effect is considered non-stochastic?

1. Cancer

2. Nausea

3. Genetic mutations

4. Leukemia

The correct answer is: Nausea

Non-stochastic effects of radiation are those that have a threshold level of exposure and are directly related to the dose received. These effects typically manifest in a predictable manner, meaning that as the dose increases, the severity or intensity of the effect also increases. Nausea, as indicated in this context, is an example of a non-stochastic effect. It is often seen in individuals after exposure to high doses of radiation, such as in cases of acute radiation syndrome. The onset of nausea corresponds to a certain level of radiation exposure, making it a non-stochastic effect. In contrast, the other conditions listed—cancer, genetic mutations, and leukemia—are classified as stochastic effects. These effects do not have a clear threshold and can occur at any level of radiation exposure. The probability of their occurrence increases with higher doses, but their severity is not necessarily related to the dose. This means that even low levels of radiation can result in the development of cancer or genetic changes over time, emphasizing the random nature of these effects.